Callus inductions and Phytochemical Determination of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) growing in Iraq

The artichoke (Cynara scolymus) belongs to Asteraceae family. It is included in British and European Pharmacopeia has long–used traditional medicine several countries. plant primarily grows North Africa Mediterranean; addition, it cultivated around the world. Artichoke wildly distributed Iraq at watery lines boundary of field. aim study was induce callus from leaves as explants, compare between contents total phenolic flavonoids that extracted induced leaves. maintained on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) Benzyl Adenine (BA). highest percentage (100%) combination (5mg/l NAA plus 2 mg/l BA), followed by (86.67%) (3mg/l 1mg/l BA). Two types (friable compact) were induced. extract friable produced 0.858 mg/g phenolic, while 167.24 µg/ mg flavonoids. Auxins cytokinins added together culture seemed be necessary for tissue culture.